Native Plant List for the Adirondack Park		revised: March 24, 2003
Trees - Deciduous	Common Name	Scientific Name	Group	Avail.	Height	Soil	Exposure	Growth	Comments
Ash	black ash	Fraxinus nigra	T-D	s	60	w-m	M	M
Ash	green ash	Fraxinus pennsylvanica	T-D	s	60	w-m	M-T	F
Ash	white ash	Fraxinus americana	T-D	c	80	moist	I	F
Basswood	American basswood (linden)	Tilia americana	T-D		70	moist	M
Beech	American beech	Fagus grandifolia	T-D		80	moist	T
Birch	gray birch	Betula populifolia	T-D	s	50	w-m	I	M
Birch	paper (white) birch	Betula papyrifera	T-D	c	70	m-d	I
Birch	black birch	Betula lenta	T-D		70	moist	M
Birch	mountain paper birch	Betula cordifolia	T-D		40	m-d	I
Birch	yellow birch	Betula alleghaniensis	T-D		80	moist	M
Butternut	butternut	Juglans cinerea	T-D		80	moist	M
Cherry	black cherry	Prunus serotina	T-D	s	80	moist	I	M
Chestnut	American chestnut	Castanea dentata	T-D	xxx	100	moist	I
Cottonwood	eastern cottonwood	Populus deltoides	T-D	s	80	moist	I	VF
Elm	American Elm	Ulmus americana	T-D	xxx	100	moist	M
Elm	slippery elm	Ulmus rubra	T-D		50	moist	M
Hackberry	hackberry	Celtis occidentalis	T-D	s	60	moist	M-I	F
Hickory	bitternut hickory	Carya cordiformis	T-D	s	70	moist	M	M
Hickory	shagbark hickory	Carya ovata	T-D		70	moist	M
Hornbeam	American hornbeam (blue-beech)	Carpinus caroliniana	T-D		35	moist	M
Hornbeam	eastern hop-hornbeam (ironwood)	Ostrya virginiana	T-D		40	moist	T
Maple	red maple	Acer rubrum	T-D	c	70	moist	T-M	M-F
Maple	silver maple	Acer saccharinum	T-D	s	80	moist	I	F
Maple	striped maple	Acer pensylvanicum	T-D		35	moist	T
Maple	sugar maple	Acer saccharum	T-D	c	80	moist	T	S
Oak	black oak	Quercus velutina	T-D		65	moist	M
Oak	burr oak	Quercus macrocarpa	T-D		100	moist	I
Oak	chestnut oak	Quercus montana	T-D		80	moist	M
Oak	northern red oak	Quercus rubra	T-D	c	100	m-d	M	M-F
Oak	swamp white oak	Quercus bicolor	T-D	s	70	w-m	M-I	M
Oak	white oak	Quercus alba	T-D	c	100	m-d	M-I	F
Poplar	balsam poplar	Populus balsamifera	T-D		65	moist	M	F
Poplar	big tooth aspen	Populus grandidentata	T-D		80	m-d	I	VF
Poplar	quaking aspen (trembling aspen)	Populus tremuloides	T-D	s	65	moist	I	VF
Tamarack  (Conifer)	eastern larch/tamarack/hackmatack	Larix laricina	T-D	s	80	w-m	M	M-F
Willow	black willow	Salix nigra	T-D	s	50	w-m	I	F
Trees - Evergreen			Group	Avail.	Height	Soil	Exposure	Growth	Comments
Cedar	eastern red cedar	Juniperus virginiana	T-E	s	40	moist	M	S
Cedar	northern white cedar	Thuja occidentalis	T-E	c	65	moist	M	S-M	favored conifer deer food
Fir	balsam fir	Abies balsamea	T-E	c	70	moist	M	M-F
Hemlock	eastern (Canadian) hemlock	Tsuga canadensis	T-E	c	80	moist	T	S	favored conifer deer food, although 2nd to yew and cedar
Pine	jack pine	Pinus banksiana	T-E		60	m-d	I
Pine	pitch pine	Pinus rigida	T-E		60	m-d	I
Pine	red pine	Pinus resinosa	T-E	c	80	m-d	I	F
Pine	white pine	Pinus strobus	T-E	c	100	m-d	I	F-VF
Spruce	black spruce	Picea mariana	T-E	s	80	moist	M	S-M
Spruce	red spruce	Picea rubens	T-E		80	moist	T	S
Spruce	white spruce	Picea glauca	T-E		80	moist	M	M
Small Trees (15 to 30 feet mature height) - Deciduous
Alder	speckled alder	Alnus rugosa	ST-D	s	15	w-m	I	M
Canada Plum	Canada plum	Prunus nigra	ST-D		15	moist	M
Cherry	choke cherry	Prunus virginiana	ST-D	s	20	m-d	I	F
Cherry	fire cherry	Prunus pennsylvanica	ST-D		20	m-d	I
Hawthorn	hawthorns	Crataegus sp.	ST-D		25	moist	M
Maple	mountain maple	Acer spicatum	ST-D		15	moist	T
Mountain Ash	American mountain ash	Sorbus americana	ST-D	c	20	moist	M-I
Nannyberry	nannyberry	Viburnum lentago	ST-D		20	w-m	M-I
Prickly Ash	prickly ash	Zanthoxylum americanum	ST-D		20	moist	M-I
Serviceberry	downy serviceberry (shad bush)	Amelanchier arborea	ST-D	s	25	w-m	M-I
Sumac	staghorn sumac	Rhus typhina	ST-D		20	m-d	I
Willow	pussy willow	Salix discolor	ST-D		15	w-m	M-I
Witch Hazel	witch hazel	Hamamelis virginiana	ST-D		20	moist	M-I
Shrubs - Deciduous			Group	Avail.	Height	Soil	Exposure	Growth	Comments
Arrowwood	northern arrowwood	Viburnum dentatum var.lucidum	S-D	s	12	w-m	M
Blackberry	common blackberry	Rubus allegheniensis	S-D	c	5	m-d	I
Blueberry	high bush blueberry	Vaccinium corymbosum	S-D	c	8	w-m	T-M
Blueberry	low bush blueberry	Vaccinium spp.	S-D	s	2	w-d	M-I
Buttonbush	buttonbush	Cephalanthus occidentalis	S-D	s	8	w-w	M
Catberry	catberry	Nemopanthus mucronatus	S-D		10	w	T-M
Chokeberry	black chokeberry	Aronia melanocarpa	S-D	s	8	w-m	M
Chokeberry	red chokeberry	Aronia arbutifolia	S-D	s	10	m-d	M	F
Cinquefoil	shrubby cinquefoil	Potentilla fruticosa	S-D		3	m-d	I
Cranberry	American highbush cranberry	Viburnum trilobum	S-D	c	14	w-m	T-M
Dogbane	spreading dogbane	Apocynum androsaemifolium	S-D		3	d	I
Dogwood	gray dogwood	Cornus foemina ssp. racemosa	S-D	s	8	w-d	T	M
Dogwood	red osier (red-stem) dogwood	Cornus sericea	S-D	c	5	w-m	M-I	F
Elderberry	black elderberry (common)	Sambucus canadensis	S-D	s	10	w-w	T
Elderberry	red elderberry	Sambucus racemosa ssp. pubens	S-D		12	moist	M
Hazelnut	beaked hazelnut	Corylus cornuta	S-D		8	moist	M
Hobblebush	hobblebush	Viburnum lantanoides	S-D		6	moist	T
Honeysuckle	common honeysuckle	Lonicera canadensis	S-D		7	m-d	M
Huckleberry	black huckleberry	Gaylussacia baccata	S-D	s	3	w-d	I
Maple leaf viburnum	maple leaf viburnum	Viburnum acerifolium	S-D		5	moist	T
Raspberry	red raspberry	Rubus idaeus	S-D	c	4	m-d	I
Rose	pasture rose	Rosa carolina	S-D		3	m-d	I
Rose	prickly rose	Rosa acicularis	S-D		3	moist	I
Rose	swamp rose	Rosa palustris	S-D	s	7	w-w	M-I
Mountain Laurel	mountain laurel	Kalmia latifolia	S-D		4	d	M-I
Bog Laurel	bog laurel	Kalmia polifolia	S-D		3	w	I
Sheep Laurel	sheep laurel	Kalmia augustifolia	S-D		3	w-m	M-I
Snowberry	wild snowberry bush	Symphoricarpos albus	S-D		4	m-d	I
Spicebush	spicebush	Lindera benzoin	S-D	s	8	w-m	T
Spirea	broad-leaved meadow sweet	Spirea latifolia	S-D	s	4	w-m	M-I
Spirea	hardhack (steeplebush)	Spirea tomentosa	S-D		4	w-d	I
Sweet fern	sweet fern	Comptonia peregrina	S-D	s	4	m-d	M-I
Sweet gale	sweet gale	Myrica gale	S-D		4	w-m	M
Wild raisin	wild raisin (witherod)	Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides	S-D	s	10	w-m	M
Winterberry	winterberry (winterberry holly)	Ilex verticillata	S-D	s	8	wet	M
Leatherleaf	leatherleaf	Chamaedaphne calyculata	S-D		3	w	I
Bog Rosemary	bog rosemary	Andromeda glaucophylla	S-D		2	w	I
Labrador Tea	labrador tea	Rhododendron groenlandicum	S-D		3	w	I
Shrubs - Evergreen			Group	Avail.	Height	Soil	Exposure	Growth	Comments
Juniper	common juniper	Juniperus communis	S-E		3	dry	I
Yew	American yew (Canadian Yew)	Taxus canadensis	S-E		3	moist	T		favored conifer deer food
Herbaceous - Perennials,
Baneberry	white baneberry	Actaea alba	HP		2	moist	T
Baneberry	red baneberry	Actaea rubra	HP		2	moist	T
Bunchberry	bunchberry	Cornus canadensis	HP		0.5	moist	T
Canada mayflower	Canada mayflower	Maianthemum canadense	HP		0.5	moist	T
Cranberry	American cranberry	Vaccinium corymbosum (macrocarpon)	HP	s	0.5	w-w	M
Goldthread	goldthread	Coptis trifolia	HP		0.5	moist	T
Iris	blue flag	Iris versicolor	HP	s	2	water	M-I
Joe pye weed	Joe pye weed	Eupatorium maculatum/purpureum	HP	s	4	w-w	M
Lily	Canada lily	Lilium canadense	HP		3	moist	M
Partridgeberry	partridgeberry	Mitchella repens	HP		0.5	moist	T
Sorrel	wood sorrel	Oxalis montana	HP		0.5	moist	T
Violet	violet	Viola spp.	HP		0.5	moist	T
Wintergreen	wintergreen	Gaultheria procumbens	HP		0.5	moist	T
Verbena	verbena	Verbena hastata	HP		3	w	I
Cardinal Flower	cardinal flower	Lobelia cardinalis	HP		2.5	w	M-I
Turtlehead	turtlehead	Chelone glabra	HP		2.5	w	M-I
Vines			VN
Grape, frost	frost grape	Vitis riparia	VN
Virginia creeper	Virginia creeper	Parthenocissus quinquefolia	VN
Ferns			Group	Avail.	Height	Soil	Exposure	Growth	Comments
Bracken	bracken fern	Pteridium aquilinum	FN	s	2.5	m-d	M
Christmas	Christmas fern	Polystichum acrostichoides	FN	s	3	m-d	T-M
Cinnamon	cinnamon fern	Osmunda cinnamomea	FN	s	3	w-m	T-M
Hay scented	hay scented fern	Dennstaedtia punctilobula	FN		1.5	m-d	I
Interrupted	interrupted fern	Osmunda claytoniana	FN	s	2.5	m-d	T-M
Lady	lady fern	Athyrium filix-femina	FN	s	2.5	moist	T-M
Maidenhair	maidenhair fern	Adiantum pedatum	FN	s	1.5	moist	T-M
Massachusetts	Massachusetts fern	Thelypteris simulata	FN		1	moist	T-M
Marsh	Marsh fern	Thelypteris palustris	FN		1	w	I
New York	New York fern	Thelypteris noveboracensis	FN	s	1.5	moist	T-M
Ostrich	ostrich fern	Matteuccia struthiopteris	FN	s	4	w-m	T-M
Royal	royal fern	Osmunda regalis	FN	s	5	wet	T-M
Sensitive	sensitive fern	Onoclea sensibilis	FN	s	2	w-m	T-M
Clinton's	Clinton's fern	Dryopteris clintoniana	FN		3.5	m	T-M
Goldie's	Goldie's fern	Dryopteris goldiana	FN		3.5	m	T-M
Mountain Wood	mountain wood fern	Dryopteris campyloptera	FN		2	m	T-M
Spinulose Wood	spinulose wood fern	Dryopteris carthusiana	FN		2	m	T-M
Crested Shield	crested shield fern	Dryopteris cristata	FN		1.5	w	I-M
Common Wood	common wood fern	Dryopteris intermedia	FN		2	m	T-M
Marginal Shield	marginal shield fern	Dryopteris marginalis	FN		2	m	T-M
Long Beech	long beech fern	Phegopteris connectilis	FN		1	m	T-M
Broad Beech	broad beech fern	Phegopteris hexagonoptera	FN		1	m	T-M
Fragile	fragile fern	Cystopteris fragilis	FN		1	w-m	T-M
Bulblet	bulblet fern	Cystopteris bulbifera	FN		1	w-m	T-M
Oak	Oak fern	Gymnocarpium dryopteris	FN		0.5	m	T-M
Braun's	Braun's holly fern	Polystichum braunii	FN		1.5	m	T-M
Ebony Spleenwort	ebony spleenwort	Asplenium platyneuron	FN		0.5	m	M
Maidenhair Spleenwort	maidenhair spleenwort	Asplenium trichomanes	FN		0.5	m	M
KEY
Avail = Availability of plant stock
c = commonly available
s = available from specialty nurseries
xxx = species that have been nearly eliminated from native populations by disease and or insects.
Height
Plant Height - average maximum potential height on a good Adirondack Site in feet
Soil
water = standing water at surface during much of the growing season
wet = soil is wet during much of the growing season.  i.e wetland or poorly drained soil
moist = soil is moist during much of the growing season.  i.e. moderately-well to well drained soils
dry = soil is dry during much of the growing season.  i.e. rocky areas, sandy soils,  excessively drained soils
w-m = plants will grow on both wet and moist sites
w-d = plants will grow on wet, moist and dry sites
m-d = plants will grow on both moist and dry sites
Exposure
T = tolerant of shade
T-M = tolerant to moderately tolerant of shade
M = moderately tolerant of shade
M-I = moderately tolerant to intolerant of shade
I = intolerant of shade.  i.e.. needs full sun
Growth - plant growth as measured against other species within that group of trees, shrubs ...
rapid
fast
moderate
slow
footnotes
Compiled by Brian Grisi and Dan Spada, NYS Adirondack Park Agency, March 2000.
All nomenclature and native species status determinations based on: Mitchell, R.S., and G.C. Tucker.  1997.  Revised Checklist of New York State
Plants.  Contributions to a Flora of New York State, Checklist IV, Richard S. Mitchell, Editor.  Bulletin No. 490. New York State Museum, The
University of the State of New York, The State Education Department, Albany, New York  12230.  400 pp.